Effects of various additives on antimicrobial, physical and chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

Flaviana Bombarda de ANDRADE, Murilo Priori ALCALDE, Bruno Martini GUIMARÃES, Pedro BELEZE NETO, Marcela Paola Castro ARIAS, Clovis Monteiro BRAMANTE, Ivaldo Gomes de MORAES, Marco Antonio Hungaro DUARTE

Objective: To assess the antimicrobial activity, solubility, setting time, flowability, pH, calcium release and surface characteristic of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with different substances: 1% sodium hypochlorite gel, 2% chlorhexidine gel, K-Y gel, distilled water associated with 10% propylene glycol (CCPG), saline solution, and distilled water alone. Methods: The antimicrobial test included Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, and the direct contact method was used. To assess setting time and flowability, ASTM 266/08 and ADA 57/2007 specifications were used. To assess pH and calcium release, the different types of material were inserted into retrograde cavities of acrylic resin teeth and immersed in ultrapure water for reading at different periods. The latter was performed with a pHmeter and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. To assess the surface characteristics, acrylic teeth were analyzed under scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Results: The results yielded by the antimicrobial activity test revealed that additives associated with MTA were more inhibitory than bactericidal, with chlorhexidine achieving the best results. The K-Y vehicle made the additive more soluble than others. There were statistical differences amongst groups (p > 0.05) for flowability. The greatest setting time was observed in the CCPG group. The K-Y group presented the lowest pH and calcium release values in the 3-hour period. In the other periods, there was greater uniformity amongst groups. As regards the surface characteristics analysis, the CCPG group presented the greatest porosity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Only the chlorhexidine gel brought some improvement to the antimicrobial effect, K-Y gel interfered in the physical-chemical properties of MTA and the addition of CCPG provided the greatest porosity.

Keywords: Antimicrobial sensitivity test. Calcium release. Solubility. pH level. Physical-chemical properties. MTA.

How to cite: Andrade FB, Alcalde MP, Guimarães BM, Beleze Neto  P, Arias MPC, Bramante CM, Moraes IG, Duarte MAH. Effects of various additives on antimicrobial, physical and chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Dental Press Endod. 2015 Jan-Apr;5(1):19-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2178-3713.5.1.019-029.oar

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