Comparative Cephalometric Evaluation of the Interceptive Treatment of the Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Using Fränkel and Bionator Appliances

Marcio Rodrigues de ALMEIDA, José Fernando Castanha HENRIQUES, Marcos Roberto de FREITAS, Arnaldo PINZAN

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the cephalometric changes of Fränkel and Bionator appliances on individuals with Class II, division 1 malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms were available for 66 patients of both sex, divided in three groups of 22 each one. The first group served as a control group, with initial mean age of 08 years and 07 months. The second group was treated with Fränkel appliance with initial mean age of 9 years. The group 3 was treated with Bionator appliance with initial mean age of 10 years and 08 months. The lateral cephalometric headfilms was taken of each patient at the beginning and the end of treatment, in a total of 132 headfilms. The cephalometric variables were analysed with statistical tests. The results showed that there are no changes in forward growth of the maxilla in the experimental groups (2 and 3). However, it was observed that both appliances provides a statistically significant increase in mandibular protrusion, in total mandibular and body lenght, with greatear values in group 3. This study indicated that both appliances provides an improvement in the maxillomandibular relationship, compared to the control group. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the craniofacial growth pattern between the three groups. The group treated with the Bionator demonstrated a greater increase in posterior facial height. It was observed that both appliances produced labial tipping and protrusion of the lower incisors and a lingual inclination of the upper incisors. The lower molars showed a greater vertical development in second and third groups. This investigation indicated that both treated groups produced a retrusion in the upper lips and a lower lip protrusion. Major effects of Bionator and Fränkel appliances were dentoalveolar, with a smaller, but significant, skeletal mandibular effects.

Keywords: Fränkel and Bionator appliances. Class II, division 1. Functional orthopedics.

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